![]() The Solomonic dynasty in Ethiopia and the Zimbabwe Kingdom are founded. The Kanem Empire in what is now Chad reaches its apex. In North America, according to some population estimates, the population of Cahokia grew to being equal to or larger than the population of 13th-century London. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. The Kingdoms of Sukhothai and Hanthawaddy would emerge and go on to dominate their surrounding territories. ![]() One of the earliest Islamic states in Southeast Asia would form during this century, most notably the Samudera Pasai. Goryeo resisted an invasion by the Mongols but eventually sued for peace and would eventually be a client state of the Yuan dynasty. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. ![]() ![]() The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The 13th century was the century which lasted from Janu( MCCI) through Decem( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. Mongol Emperor Genghis Khan whose conquests created the largest contiguous empire in history ![]()
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